4th Sunday of Easter B

4th Sunday of Easter B

April 21, 2024
COMMENTARIESBIBLE STUDY QUESTIONS
Jeff CavinsFr. Francis MartinHector MolinaKieran O'MahonyBrant Pitre
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The Bible Timeline®: The Story of Salvation

Jesus is the Good Shepherd who cares for and protects his flock, and we should enter into a relationship with him knowing that he will always care for us.

SUMMARY w/ Timestamps
  • 00:00 Jesus is the Good Shepherd who has a special relationship with his flock.
  • 00:42 Jesus is the Good Shepherd who cares for his sheep, providing food, shelter, and medical care.
  • 01:24 Jesus is the good shepherd who cares for and protects us, but we also need to be good sheep who respond to him.
  • 01:54 Enter into a relationship with Jesus as your shepherd, knowing that he will care for you in every way and never leave you.
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SOURCE: A Word Proclaimed

Jesus is the Good Shepherd who sacrifices himself out of love for his sheep, fulfilling the prophecy and establishing a new covenant with the Holy Spirit as the new law.

KEY INSIGHTS w/ Timestamps
  • 00:00 Jesus is the Good Shepherd prophesied in Ezekiel, who will save and judge his sheep.
  • 01:48 The Messiah is the son of David, fulfilling the prophecy and the grace of the Jewish people.
  • 03:11 God appoints a shepherd to pastor and be the shepherd of his people, establishing a new covenant with the Holy Spirit as the new law.
  • 04:22 Jesus is the Good Shepherd who lays down his life for his sheep, just as a shepherd watches over and protects his flock from harm.
  • 06:17 The Good Shepherd lays down his life for his sheep, while the hired hand runs away when danger comes.
  • 07:44 Recognizing the voice of the Lord allows us to discern right from wrong, and a Roman soldier displays great faith in Jesus.
    • Recognizing the voice of the Lord and being intimate with Him allows us to discern what is wrong and immoral, and the relationship between Jesus and his sheep is like the relationship between Jesus and the Father.
    • A Centurion, a Roman soldier, displays great faith in Jesus by believing that he can heal his servant without physically being present.
  • 10:18 Jesus explains that he must lead all of God’s sheep and lay down his life for them, as it is the will of the Father.
  • 11:48 Jesus sacrifices himself out of love so we can be with him eternally, and the Lord cares for us and goes after us with his love to bring us back to the father.
    • Jesus willingly lays down his life out of love so that we can be with him eternally, as he is the Son of God and the word of God.
    • The Lord cares for us, loves us with Divine and human affection, and goes after us with his love to bring us back to the father.
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SOURCE: A Walk in the Word

Jesus, the Good Shepherd, lays down his life for his sheep, seeks unity among his followers, and calls for faithful and courageous shepherds to lead the church.

KEY INSIGHTS w/ Timestamps
  • 00:00 Jesus, the good shepherd, lays down his life for his sheep and brings them together as one flock with one shepherd, as discussed in the readings for the fourth Sunday of Easter.
    • Hector Molina discusses the readings associated with the fourth Sunday of Easter and encourages viewers to grab a Bible, like and subscribe to the YouTube channel to spread the good news.
    • Support the new media ministry outreach and evangelization apostolate by becoming a patron on the brand new patreon page.
    • The meditation for today is on the title and image of the good shepherd, as we reflect on the readings and celebrate this icon during the Easter season.
    • Jesus speaks of himself as the good shepherd in John chapter 10, in the context of teaching in the temple, as described in the gospel of John.
    • John’s gospel focuses on Jesus’s actions and teachings in the southern part of the holy land, providing greater depth and theological insight compared to the other gospels.
    • Jesus is the good shepherd who lays down his life for his sheep, and he will bring all his sheep together as one flock with one shepherd.
  • 09:42 Jesus is the good shepherd who sacrifices for his sheep, unlike bad shepherds who only care for themselves, and priests and bishops are called to embody the qualities of a good shepherd.
    • Jesus identifies himself as the good shepherd, echoing the iconic psalm 23 and conveying a powerful peace and soothing comfort.
    • Jesus is the good shepherd who is willing to sacrifice himself for his sheep, in contrast to bad shepherds who are only hired to protect the sheep.
    • The good shepherd is willing to sacrifice for his sheep and has an intimate relationship with them, unlike the hireling who cares nothing for the sheep.
    • The shepherd spends a lot of time with the sheep, and the sheep recognize and respond to the shepherd’s voice.
    • Priests and bishops are called to immerse themselves in the lives of their parishioners, embodying the qualities of a good shepherd by both smelling like the sheep and speaking with the voice of Jesus Christ.
    • Ezekiel denounces the bad shepherds of Israel for being solely concerned with feeding themselves and not the sheep, describing them as opportunistic religious leaders who are feasting off and taking advantage of the sheep.
  • 24:28 Jesus, the Good Shepherd, seeks out and rescues his scattered sheep, establishing a deep union with God through surrender and cooperation with His grace.
    • Throughout history, there have always been bad shepherds who take advantage of the faithful, and this continues to be a problem in our current era.
    • The shepherds have failed in their duty to care for the faithful, but the Lord will rescue and care for his sheep.
    • Jesus is the good shepherd who seeks out the lost and denounces the bad shepherds who are in it for themselves.
    • Jesus is described as the good shepherd who will seek out and rescue his scattered sheep, with allusions to his crucifixion and the intimate relationship between the shepherd and the sheep likened to that of God the Father and God the Son.
    • Baptism initiates us into the life of grace and divine intimacy with the Holy Trinity, as Jesus, the Good Shepherd, invites us into a deep union with God through surrender and cooperation with His grace.
    • Jesus is the good shepherd who lays down his life for his sheep, including the gentiles, and desires to establish one church with one shepherd.
  • 42:55 Jesus prayed for unity among his followers, but division within the church is a scandal that impedes its mission, and we need to pray for unity and discern the true voice of the shepherd.
    • God has chosen Saint Peter and his successors as his representatives, and the division within the body of Christ is a scandal that impedes the church’s mission.
    • Jesus prayed for unity among his followers, but there is still division and strife within the church, with rumblings of further schism, particularly in Germany.
    • We need to pray for unity among Christians, as there is a pervasive error of religious indifferentism that waters down the profound differences between churches and puts the sheep in peril.
    • Jesus established one church, including both Jews and Gentiles, and it is important for us to reflect on the identity of the shepherd and pray for deepened conversion to recognize his voice.
    • Immersing ourselves in the word of God through scripture study and prayer is essential to discerning the true voice of the shepherd from the false ones.
    • Immerse yourself in divine intimacy, lead a sacramental life, feast on the body and blood of Christ, study his word, discern between good and evil, and understand that Jesus willingly sacrificed himself for our salvation.
  • 56:40 Jesus is the ultimate good shepherd who laid down his life for his flock, and we should pray for courageous and faithful shepherds in the midst of the current crisis.
    • Jesus is the ultimate good shepherd who laid down his life for his flock, and we should pray for Pope Francis, bishops, and priests to be molded into true and good shepherds, especially in the midst of the current crisis.
    • Courageous shepherds are needed to speak truth to power and not water down the gospel, as there is a satanic movement endangering civilization and we must pray for our shepherds instead of complaining about them.
    • We need to pray fervently for mercy and for our priests and bishops as we face perilous times.
    • Pray fervently for the holy father, bishops, and clergy as we need devout, faithful, and courageous shepherds during critical and decisive times.
    • The church is a sheepfold and a sacrament, serving as a gateway to Christ and a symbol of unity among all men.
    • God will draw all nations together into one church, which is both human and divine, and is a sacrament of unity and a sign of the unity yet to come.
  • 01:06:58 Peter preaches and performs miracles in the name of Jesus, leading to the conversion of many and angering the religious authorities who imprisoned and questioned him.
    • Peter continues to preach and perform miracles in the name of Jesus, as seen in the continuation of the passage from Acts of the Apostles chapter 4.
    • The preaching of the apostles led many to believe and repent, which angered the religious authorities who then imprisoned and questioned them.
    • The preaching of Jesus’s resurrection led to the conversion of many, angering the religious authorities.
    • The rulers and elders in Jerusalem questioned Peter about the healing of a lame man, and Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, boldly proclaimed that the man was healed by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom they crucified but God raised from the dead.
    • Simon Peter emphasizes the preaching, healing, and signs performed in the name of Jesus, declaring that every knee shall bow and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, and also addresses the crucifixion of Jesus.
    • Peter preaches the gospel and reminds the religious authorities that Jesus, whom they crucified, is the cornerstone and the only means of salvation.
  • 01:15:51 Salvation is only through Jesus, preaching and teaching must be faithful, pray for unity and conversion, trust in the Lord, boldly proclaim Jesus despite rejection.
    • There is only one savior, Jesus Christ, and salvation can only be found through him, not through any other religious figure or belief.
    • The need for bold and clear preaching and teaching, faithful to the word of God and the teachings of the church, without compromise or accommodation to the desires of the audience.
    • We must pray for unity and conversion, acknowledging our own faults and complicity in creating the current situation.
    • God is purifying his church and we need to pray for mercy and discipline, placing our trust in the Lord rather than in people.
    • We are called children of God and share a divine intimacy, but the world does not recognize our dignity because it does not recognize Jesus.
    • We must boldly proclaim the sovereignty and lordship of Jesus, despite the rejection and persecution we may face, by immersing ourselves in prayer, leading a sacramental life, and being emboldened by the witness of others.
  • 01:28:00 Proclaim the good news of Jesus and seek God’s mercy to build his kingdom and win souls for him.
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SOURCE: Hearers of the Word

Jesus, as the good shepherd, willingly sacrifices his life for his own, demonstrating the radical freedom and love of God and inviting personal, communal, and mission reflection.

KEY INSIGHTS w/ Timestamps
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  • 00:00 The passage in John’s gospel explores the relationship with the risen Lord, achieving communion within the community of faith, and enacting missionary calling in today’s church, emphasizing the good shepherd laying down his life for the sheep and leading them to be one flock with one shepherd.
    • The passage in John’s gospel explores the relationship with the risen Lord, achieving communion within the community of faith, and enacting missionary calling in today’s church.
    • The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep, knows his own and they know him, and will lead all sheep to be one flock with one shepherd.
  • 03:34 The fourth gospel’s long speeches are not historical quotes from Jesus, but rather the result of prayer, teaching, and reflection, with references to Moses, David, and the search for a new anointed leader in Jewish tradition.
    • The long speeches in the fourth gospel are not historical quotes from Jesus, but rather the result of prayer, teaching, and reflection, and the writer is very aware of the rich background of the Old Testament and the Jesus traditions.
    • Moses appoints a shepherd to take his role as leader, David was anointed king and was a literal shepherd, and there is criticism of the shepherds in Ezekiel 34.
    • Moses asks the Lord to appoint a successor to lead the people, and Joshua is chosen to take on this role.
    • Jews in the first two centuries before Jesus looked for a new anointed leader, referencing the anointment of King David in the first book of Samuel.
  • 08:43 God is depicted as a shepherd providing for and protecting his people, with the prophecy of appointing good shepherds to care for the people and the synoptic gospels discussing Jesus’ origin, ministry, warning, power of the lost sheep, and destiny.
    • The metaphor of a shepherd is used to describe kingship, as seen in Psalm 23, where God is depicted as a shepherd providing for and protecting his people.
    • Ezekiel’s prophecy condemns the failure of the leaders and promises that God will appoint good shepherds to care for the people.
    • God will rescue and shepherd his scattered sheep, gathering them from different lands and appointing one shepherd, his servant David, to care for them.
    • The synoptic gospels in the New Testament discuss Jesus’ origin, ministry, warning, power of the lost sheep, and destiny, with both Matthew and Luke echoing King David in their shepherd language.
  • 13:46 The shepherds visit baby Jesus, their testimony astonishes others, and the imagery of sheep and shepherding conveys compassion, judgment, and warning in Jesus’ ministry and destiny.
    • The shepherds go to see baby Jesus after being told by an angel, and their testimony astonishes others, while Mary treasures and ponders their words.
    • The imagery of sheep and shepherding in the ministry of Jesus is used to convey the idea of compassion, judgment, and warning.
    • The parable of the lost sheep is connected to Jesus’ destiny, as described in Matthew and Luke’s gospels.
  • 17:18 Jesus emphasizes his identity as “I am” in the fourth gospel, connecting to the name of God in Exodus 3:14 and highlighting the importance of belief in him.
    • The significance of the “I am” sentences in the fourth gospel is discussed, highlighting their connection to the name of God disclosed in Exodus 3:14.
    • Jesus repeatedly asserts his identity as “I am” in the fourth gospel, emphasizing the importance of belief in him.
  • 21:06 Jesus, the good shepherd, willingly sacrifices his life and has the power to take it up again, as shown in the symbolic act of washing the disciples’ feet and the absence of the story of Simon of Cyrene in the fourth gospel.
    • The fourth gospel uses the expression “to lay down” to describe the good shepherd’s sacrifice and the disciples’ behavior, with the language of “to take up again” also present.
    • Jesus willingly lays down his life and has the right to take it up again, as seen in the symbolic moment of washing the disciples’ feet.
    • Jesus has the power to lay down his life and take it back again, as reflected in the editorial choice to drop the story of Simon of Cyrene in the fourth gospel.
  • 24:31 Jesus, as the good shepherd, lays down his life for his own, paralleling the loving knowledge between the father and the son and emphasizing the long-term vision of communion and living the commandment to love in John chapter 10.
    • Moses, David, and Jesus are all associated with shepherding in the fourth gospel, with the I am sentences and the language of laying down and taking up again being important themes in John chapter 10.
    • The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep, contrasting with the hired man who abandons the sheep, and Jesus as the good shepherd knows and lays down his life for his own.
    • The loving knowledge between the father and the son parallels the loving knowledge between Jesus and believers, with the long-term vision in this gospel being communion and living the commandment to love.
  • 29:01 Jesus freely chose to lay down his life and have the power to take it up again, emphasizing the radical freedom of Jesus in displaying the love of God and inviting personal, communal, and mission reflection.
    • Jesus freely chose to lay down his life and have the power to take it up again, as his death and resurrection are an existential articulation of his role as the resurrection and the life.
    • The fourth gospel emphasizes the radical freedom of Jesus in displaying the love of God, inviting personal, communal, and mission reflection, and praying for the gathering of all people into one fold.
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SOURCE: The Mass Readings Explained

Jesus is the good shepherd who sacrifices himself to protect and bring all people into the fold of God, not just the Israelites.

KEY INSIGHTS w/ Timestamps
  • 00:00 Jesus is comparing himself to a good shepherd and contrasting himself with wicked shepherds described in the book of Ezekiel, acting as a new Ezekiel in the context of preaching in Jerusalem’s temple.
  • 01:44 Jesus is the good shepherd who sacrifices himself to protect his disciples, who belong to him and he belongs to them.
  • 02:44 Jesus uses the analogy of a shepherd and his sheep to illustrate the deep connection between himself, his followers, and God.
  • 03:34 Jesus uses the analogy of a shepherd and his sheep to illustrate the intimate knowledge and mutual indwelling he desires his disciples to have with him, reflecting the trinitarian knowledge of the father and the son.
  • 04:32 Jesus is portrayed as the good shepherd aiming for spiritual union with God, leading to entry into the life of the blessed trinity.
  • 05:12 Jesus is the shepherd of a flock, and he has other sheep that are not yet part of his fold, but will also heed his voice.
  • 05:58 Jesus is the shepherd of all people, not just the Israelites, bringing everyone into the fold of God.
  • 06:45 Jesus’ sacrifice will lead to the conversion of the gentiles and the in gathering of other sheep into the fold.
Matt ZemanekFr. Geoffrey PlantFr. Bryan KujawaFr. Galetto, OSAKeith Nester

Matt Zemanek

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SOURCE: St. Timothy Catholic Church, Laguna Niguel, CA

Jesus is the Good Shepherd who calls us to listen to His voice, follow Him, and be vigilant against false leaders, while balancing obedience to church leadership with criticism and trusting in the guidance of the Holy Spirit for the church’s future.

SUMMARY w/ Timestamps
  • 00:00 Jesus is the Good Shepherd who lays down his life for his sheep, and the audience is encouraged to focus on what resonates personally.
  • 07:18 Jesus reveals himself as the Good Shepherd and the new Temple, using intentional symbolism and referencing Old Testament prophecies to illustrate his role.
  • 14:21 Jesus confronts false leadership and lack of faithfulness, identifies himself as the Good Shepherd, and the Catholic church is the Sheepfold.
  • 19:09 Jesus, the Shepherd, calls us to listen for His voice and follow Him, offering himself for all, despite our shortcomings and the dangers of false leaders.
  • 26:25 Be vigilant against manipulation and temptation in Christianity, as leaders must balance being good shepherds without succumbing to control and insecurity.
  • 31:23 The historical evolution of the church created barriers to a personal relationship with Jesus, but the truth it teaches remains unbroken.
  • 37:08 The importance of balancing obedience to church leadership with criticism, considering the context of Pope Francis’s teaching style and the controversy over the blessing of gay marriages, while trusting in the guidance of the Holy Spirit for the church’s future.
  • 42:22 The speaker emphasizes the importance of understanding and presenting God in both traditional and Nova sordo Mass, highlighting the need for responsible and faithful practice of liturgy and the importance of being a good shepherd for all, including those who are not well understood.

Fr. Geoffrey Plant

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SOURCE: Fr. Geoffrey Plant’s Archives

Jesus is the ultimate good shepherd who sacrifices himself for his sheep, challenging religious authorities and emphasizing the importance of sacrificial love.

SUMMARY w/ Timestamps
  • 00:00 Jesus is the ideal shepherd who lays down his life for his sheep, fulfilling the prophecies and challenging religious authorities, emphasizing the metaphor of God as a shepherd in the Old Testament.
    • The gospel of St John, Chapter 10, verses 11-18, invites the reader to discern whether Jesus is the one of whom “Moses and the Law and the prophets wrote”.
    • Jesus comes into conflict with religious authorities for violating the Sabbath by healing a man and telling him to carry his mat, leading to persecution and Jesus’ response to his detractors.
    • John’s gospel contains relatively few direct quotations from the Old Testament, but each citation assumes greater gravity as a pointer to Jesus’ identity.
    • Jesus is portrayed as the ideal shepherd who cares for and protects his sheep, influencing the way Christian leaders are referred to and emphasizing the metaphor of God as a shepherd in the Old Testament.
  • 06:32 The Good Shepherd sacrifices for his sheep, contrasting with the cruel and harsh rulers of the flock.
    • The shepherd lays down his life for his sheep, as seen in various Psalms and the backdrop of John’s gospel in Ezekiel.
    • Shepherds should care for their flock, but instead they have ruled them cruelly and harshly.
  • 09:00 Jesus cares for the weak and sick, but the Jews are more concerned about violations of the Sabbath when he performs miracles.
    • Jesus cares for the weak and sick, but the Jews are more concerned about violations of the Sabbath when he performs miracles.
    • The man who was blind defends Jesus, saying that if he were not from God, he would not have been able to heal him.
    • The man born blind can now see, but the authorities are descending further into darkness, which is a recurring motif in John’s gospel, and in chapter 11 Jesus is in the Temple in Jerusalem.
  • 13:32 Jesus, as the “good shepherd,” symbolically claims to be the new David, leading and protecting his sheep who listen and follow him.
    • Jesus, by calling himself the “good shepherd,” is symbolically claiming to be the new David, the restorer and ruler of Israel, as referenced in the prophecy of Ezekiel.
    • Jesus declares himself as the good shepherd, whose works of healing and feeding are witnessed by his sheep who listen to his voice and follow him.
    • The shepherd protected his sheep by leading them into a sheepfold at nighttime, and sometimes shepherds would share the same sheepfold, leading to the flocks intermingling.
    • The shepherd calls his sheep in a unique language, and Jesus calls his disciples to listen and follow him.
  • 18:32 The term “the Jews” in John’s gospel refers to a specific group of authorities in Jerusalem who opposed Jesus, not the Jewish people as a whole, and opposition to Jesus comes from those committed to a rigorous interpretation of the Law, but their motives are self-serving.
    • The term “the Jews” in John’s gospel refers to a specific group of authorities in Jerusalem who opposed Jesus, not the Jewish people as a whole.
    • Opposition to Jesus comes from those committed to a rigorous interpretation of the Law, but their motives are self-serving, and they are like hired hands who abandon the sheep.
    • The left and right hemispheres of the brain have different ways of perceiving the world, with the right hemisphere focusing on the big picture and the left hemisphere focusing on individual pieces of information.
  • 22:24 The Good Shepherd lays down his life for his sheep, emphasizing the importance of global attention and avoiding a narrow, legalistic view of God’s kingdom.
    • Birds have brains with right and left hemispheres that function like ours, with the left brain focusing on a potential meal while the right brain is concerned with the big picture to avoid becoming prey.
    • The beauty of Beethoven’s 5th symphony lies in the whole, not in each individual note, and our perception of reality is shaped by the global attention of the right hemisphere.
    • The narrow and legalistic view of God’s kingdom by Jesus’ opponents in John’s gospel reflects a self-referring, left-brain perception that can become hostile to change.
  • 26:24 The good shepherd lays down his life for his sheep, as exemplified by a story from Palestine in the 19th century.
    • The TV series Yes Minister and Yes, Prime Minister satirize government bureaucracy, with an episode highlighting the lack of medical staff at a newly-constructed hospital due to government cutbacks.
    • The hospital is not taking in patients yet because it needs to sort out its operations first.
    • The good shepherd knows his own and lays down his life for his sheep, as exemplified by a story from Palestine in the 19th century.
  • 31:16 True love is sacrificial, as Jesus, the good shepherd, lays down his life for his sheep, showing that the one who saves is not a mighty warrior, but a lowly shepherd.

Fr. Bryan Kujawa

SOURCE: Fr. Bryan Kujawa’s Archives. Switch videos using icon in the upper right corner.

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SOURCE: Fr. Bryan Kujawa’s Archives Switch videos using icon in the upper right corner.

We should prepare for Sunday mass by studying the readings and reflecting on them to encounter Jesus in a new way, and begin to experience the joys of heaven here and now.

SUMMARY w/ Timestamps
FIRST READING
  • 00:00 Prepare for Sunday mass by studying the readings and reflecting on them to encounter Jesus in a new way, and begin to experience the joys of heaven here and now.
    • The goal of this Catholic Bible study is to prepare for Sunday mass by familiarizing ourselves with the readings and reflecting on them to encounter Jesus in a new way.
    • We all want to share in the joys of heaven, and we can begin to experience them here and now.
  • 01:54 The Good Shepherd calls us to follow him, just as a flock follows their shepherd’s voice, and we want to follow the brave Shepherd who suffered and died, carrying our cross with him.
    • The Good Shepherd calls us to follow him, just as a flock follows their shepherd’s voice.
    • We want to follow the brave Shepherd who suffered and died, carrying our cross with him, as the first reading comes from The Acts of the Apostles.
  • 03:08 Peter and John heal a crippled man in the name of Jesus.
  • 03:53 The gospel is meant to bring healing and wholeness into our lives, both physically and spiritually, as a sign of God’s power for salvation.
  • 05:08 Peter boldly defends the healing in the name of Jesus Christ before the Sanhedrin, showing a transformation from his previous cowardly behavior.
    • The Sanhedrin, the governing body of the Jewish people, brings Peter to trial and questions him.
    • Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, defends the healing performed in the name of Jesus Christ, stating that there is no salvation through anyone else.
    • Peter boldly preaches despite the threatening tone of those examining him, showing a transformation from his previous cowardly behavior.
  • 07:41 The healed man was saved by Jesus Christ and the speaker boldly proclaimed this in front of the governing body, stating that there is no salvation through anyone else.
    • The healed man was saved by Jesus Christ and the speaker boldly proclaimed this in front of the governing body.
    • God raised Jesus from the dead, making him the cornerstone of salvation, and there is no salvation through anyone else.
  • 09:26 Embrace the powerful name of Jesus for salvation, as stated in the Gospel of John and affirmed in the Bible.
    • Jesus is the only way to heaven, as stated in the Gospel of John, and this is affirmed repeatedly in the Bible.
    • St. Peter speaks inspired by the Holy Spirit, who is Jesus, the second person of the Holy Trinity, and there is no other name by which we are saved, so we should embrace the name of Jesus as it is powerful and brings salvation.
  • 11:03 Trusting in the Lord is better than trusting in men, even in the face of rejection and persecution.
SECOND READING

GOSPEL READING

Fr. Paul Galetto, OSA

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SOURCE: YouTube Video Playlist

Jesus is the Good Shepherd who lays down his life for his sheep, and believers can participate in the relationship between God and Jesus, enduring persecution and sharing in the treatment Jesus endured, ultimately becoming children of God.

SUMMARY w/ Timestamps
  • 00:00 The apostles perform miracles to validate the words of the Prophet and prove their innocence.
  • 01:18 Peter and John’s sufferings fulfill Jesus’ prophecy in Luke’s gospel.
  • 01:46 Jesus is the source of power for the Apostles and is referred to as the Cornerstone, emphasizing his role as the Messiah and the healer in the early Christian proclamation.
  • 02:45 Believers can participate in the relationship between God and Jesus, enduring persecution and sharing in the treatment Jesus endured, ultimately becoming children of God.
  • 03:33 Endure rejection to become like the Good Shepherd, as seen in John chapter 10.
  • 03:58 Shepherds in the ancient world would sleep at the gate to protect the sheep, and in the morning, the sheep would recognize and follow only their shepherd’s voice.
  • 04:54 The Palestinian Shepherd always walked ahead of his sheep and led them, and in this reading, John says Jesus laid down his life in order to take it up again.
  • 05:23 Jesus is equated with God, as a Good Shepherd lays down his life for the Sheep, and the reference to bad Shepherds comes from Ezekiel 34.

Keith Nester

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SOURCE: YouTube Video Playlist

We are saved only through Jesus and must remain united under Christ, exhorting one another to holiness and gentleness, and striving towards grace and mercy.

SUMMARY w/ Timestamps
  • 00:00 The disciples heal in the name of Jesus, leading to questioning by religious leaders, but the birth of the church in full power begins with repentance and miracles challenging religious authority.
    • Keith Nester discusses the upcoming Sunday readings for the Catholic church and leads a prayer before delving into the scriptures.
    • Peter and John heal a crippled man in the name of Jesus, causing a stir and leading to their questioning by Jewish religious leaders, with Peter speaking to them about the healing power of Jesus.
    • Religious leaders thought they had control after crucifying Jesus, but his followers claimed he was alive, performed miracles, and couldn’t be stopped even though some still didn’t believe because they hadn’t seen him, but after his resurrection and ascension, many witnessed his resurrection and the descent of the Holy Ghost at Pentecost.
    • The birth of the church in full power has begun, with people repenting and becoming Believers in Christ, leading to Miracles and the religious leaders’ authority being challenged, as people try to control Christianity and the message of the Gospel.
  • 04:48 Peter emphasizes salvation through Jesus alone, not in Mary or the pope, and teaches us to fear God, not the world, as our judgment is in His hands alone.
    • Peter emphasizes the exclusivity of salvation through Jesus alone, highlighting the difference between salvation from sin and hell versus the Jewish leaders’ focus on freedom from Roman oppression and political power.
    • Catholics do not believe salvation is found in Mary or the pope, but rather in Jesus, who came to us through Mary, and venerate her but do not trust in her for salvation.
    • Peter and John, once fearful, now boldly declare the gospel filled with the Holy Spirit, teaching us not to fear the world but to fear God.
    • Our judgment is not in the hands of those in this world, the only judgment that matters is the Judgment of God, and we should live for Him alone.
  • 08:31 We are made children of God through the love of the Father and should not seek approval from the world, as the world is opposed to God.
    • The rejected stone has become the Cornerstone, and it is better to take refuge in the Lord than to put confidence in man or princes.
    • We are made children of God through the love of the Father and should not seek approval from the world, as the world is opposed to God.
  • 11:12 Live boldly and humbly in your faith, proclaiming the truth about Jesus with love and without seeking approval or resorting to bombastic rhetoric.
    • Boldly proclaim the truth about Jesus with love and humility, without resorting to hateful or bombastic rhetoric.
    • Don’t let people use their offensive behavior as an excuse for their faith, live boldly and humbly in your faith and don’t fall for seeking attention through shock value.
    • Live out the gifts of the Spirit, faith, love, purity, and holiness, without seeking approval from the world, and remember that you don’t have to conform to the world or be bombastic to prove you’re a Christian.
  • 14:41 Jesus, as the Good Shepherd, willingly sacrificed himself for our redemption, understanding it was the Father’s will and rejecting earthly resistance.
    • The Good Shepherd lays down his life for the sheep, knowing his own and being known by them, and having the power to lay down his life and take it up again.
    • Jesus willingly chose to be the Good Shepherd and undergo the events of the passion and the Cross for our Redemption, understanding that it was the Father’s will and rejecting earthly resistance.
  • 17:06 Jesus is the Good Shepherd who sacrifices himself for others and calls us to serve the poor and needy, emphasizing sacrificial love and serving others over achieving power.
    • Jesus willingly sacrifices himself and identifies with the poor, needy, and criminal, calling us to serve them, and the analogy of a shepherd is not well understood in our society.
    • Jesus is the Good Shepherd who cares for and protects his sheep, unlike a bad shepherd who only cares about himself.
    • Christ has laid down his life for us, and we must emulate him by putting the needs of others ahead of our own and laying ourselves down for others.
    • Jesus taught that true faith is not about achieving power over others, but rather about sacrificial love and serving others, in contrast to the worldly way of exploiting and lording over people.
  • 21:19 Christ unites and adopts us as Sons and Daughters of the most high, bringing together people of different backgrounds and uniting them as one flock, with unity under the Shepherd of Christ as the source of unity in Catholicism.
    • Christ is all powerful, the king of kings and Lord of lords, unites and adopts us as Sons and Daughters of the most high, bringing together people of different backgrounds and uniting them as one flock.
    • Unity under the Shepherd of Christ, the successor to St. Peter, is the source of unity in Catholicism, and Catholics should be united and not fighting amongst themselves.
    • Remaining faithful in the midst of difficulty, unity in Christ’s church comes from love and the goal is to bring everyone in.
  • 24:35 We are saved only through Jesus, must remain united under Christ, exhorting one another to holiness and gentleness, and striving towards grace and mercy.
    • There is only one name, Jesus, by which we must be saved, as no one else has risen from the dead by the power of God.
    • We must remain united under Christ, living lives opposed to the world, supported by the Good Shepherd, and called to be his sons and daughters.
    • We need to come together in Christ with humility and love, exhorting one another to holiness and gentleness, avoiding contention and argumentativeness, and striving towards grace and mercy.

History,
Culture &
Theology

IN 100 WORDS

1st Reading: Acts 4:8-12

Historical Context

In the historical context of Acts 4:8-12, the passage depicts a significant moment in the early Christian church following the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Peter’s bold proclamation of Jesus as the cornerstone and the only means of salvation challenges the religious authorities of the time, who held power in Jerusalem. This confrontation reflects the tension between the nascent Christian community and the Jewish leadership, highlighting the growing influence of Christianity despite opposition. The mention of Jesus’ name as the source of healing and salvation underscores the early Christians’ unwavering faith in the transformative power of Christ amidst persecution and societal pressures.

Cultural Context

In the cultural context of Acts 4:8-12, the passage reflects the prevailing religious and social dynamics of first-century Jerusalem. The mention of the Jewish religious leaders and their interrogation of Peter and John signifies the clash between the emerging Christian movement and the established Jewish authority. The emphasis on Jesus as the cornerstone and the only name by which salvation is found challenges the traditional Jewish beliefs and practices, highlighting the cultural shift brought about by the teachings of Jesus and the growth of the Christian community. This cultural backdrop of tension and transformation shapes the narrative of Acts 4:8-12 as a pivotal moment in the early spread of Christianity.

Theological Significance

In the Catholic theological context of Acts 4:8-12, the passage holds significant importance in affirming the foundational beliefs of the Christian faith. Peter’s bold declaration of Jesus as the cornerstone and the sole source of salvation echoes the Catholic teaching on the centrality of Christ in the redemption of humanity. The reference to Jesus as the “name above all names” aligns with Catholic doctrines on the divinity and authority of Jesus Christ. This passage underscores the Catholic understanding of Jesus as the ultimate savior and emphasizes the necessity of faith in Him for eternal salvation, reinforcing key theological principles of the Catholic tradition.

SOURCE: Content written in collaboration with OpenAI’s GPT-3.5 model.

2nd Reading: 1 John 3:1-2

Historical Context

In the historical context of 1 John 3:1-2, the passage reflects the early Christian community’s struggle to define and understand their identity in relation to God. Written during a time of persecution and theological debate, the author seeks to reassure believers of their status as children of God. This concept would have been particularly meaningful in a society where social status and family lineage held significant importance. By emphasizing the love that God has bestowed upon believers, the passage serves to strengthen their faith and solidarity in the face of challenges. It underscores the transformative power of God’s love in shaping their identity as children of God.

Cultural Context

In the cultural context of 1 John 3:1-2, the passage speaks to the Greco-Roman world’s influence on the early Christian community. The idea of believers being called children of God would have resonated with the cultural norms of familial relationships and inheritance. In a society where one’s status and identity were often tied to family lineage, the concept of being adopted into God’s family would have been revolutionary. By emphasizing the love and privilege bestowed upon believers by God, the passage challenges traditional cultural hierarchies and offers a new paradigm of belonging and identity based on divine grace and unconditional love.

Theological Significance

In the Catholic theological context of 1 John 3:1-2, the passage underscores the significance of divine adoption and the believer’s identity as children of God through Christ. This concept is central to Catholic theology, emphasizing the believer’s intimate relationship with God as members of His family. The passage highlights the transformative nature of this relationship, shaping believers’ understanding of their true identity and calling to live in accordance with God’s love and righteousness. It also points to the eschatological hope of being like Christ in His glory, reflecting the Catholic belief in the ultimate fulfillment of God’s redemptive plan for humanity through Christ.

SOURCE: Content written in collaboration with OpenAI’s GPT-3.5 model.

Gospel: Jn 10:11-18

Historical Context

In John 10:11-18, Jesus describes himself as the Good Shepherd who lays down his life for his sheep. This passage is significant in the context of the Gospel of John, written in the 1st century AD, as it emphasizes Jesus’ sacrificial love and protection for his followers. The imagery of the shepherd was familiar to the people of that time, symbolizing care, guidance, and security. By identifying himself as the Good Shepherd, Jesus was asserting his divine authority and care for his believers, contrasting with the religious leaders who were criticized for their lack of compassion and self-serving motives.

Cultural Context

In the cultural context of John 10:11-18, the imagery of the shepherd would have resonated deeply with the audience of that time. Shepherding was a common profession in ancient Palestine, and shepherds played a vital role in the daily lives of the people. They were responsible for leading, protecting, and providing for their flock, symbolizing care and guidance. By referring to himself as the Good Shepherd, Jesus was using a familiar cultural reference to convey his role as a loving and self-sacrificing leader for his followers. This would have been a powerful and comforting image for his audience to connect with.

Theological Significance

In the Catholic theological context of John 10:11-18, the passage holds significant importance as it reflects the teachings on Christ’s sacrificial love and role as the Good Shepherd. The Catholic Church interprets Jesus’ words as a representation of his willingness to lay down his life for humanity, symbolizing his ultimate act of love and redemption. The concept of Jesus as the Good Shepherd aligns with Catholic teachings on Christ’s role as the protector, guide, and savior of his followers. This passage emphasizes the intimate relationship between Christ and his believers, highlighting the depth of his care and commitment to their well-being.

SOURCE: Content written in collaboration with OpenAI’s GPT-3.5 model.

Compiled by
St. Thomas
Aquinas


Catena Aurea

Thomas Aquinas compiled this opus from sermons and commentaries on the Gospels written by the early Church Fathers, arranging their thoughts in such a way that they form a continuous commentary on each Gospel.

SECTION ONE

Jn 10:11-13

11. I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep.

12. But he that is an hireling, and not the shepherd, whose own the sheep are not, seeth the wolf coming, and leaveth the sheep, and fleeth: and the wolf catcheth them, and scattereth the sheep.

13. The hireling fleeth, because he is an hireling, and careth not for the sheep.

AUGUSTINE. (Tr. xlvi. 1) Our Lord has acquainted us with two things which were obscure before; first, that He is the Door; and now again, that He is the Shepherd: I am the good Shepherd. (c. xlvii. 1, 3). Above He said that the shepherd entered by the door. If He is the Door, how doth He enter by Himself? Just as He knows the Father by Himself, and we by Him; so He enters into the fold by Himself, and we by Him. We enter by the door, because we preach Christ; Christ preaches Himself. A light shews both other things, and itself too. (Tr. xlvi. 5). There is but one Shepherd. For though the rulers of the Church, those who are her sons, and not hirelings, are shepherds, they are all members of that one Shepherd. (Tr. xlvii. 3). His office of Shepherd He hath permitted His members to bear. Peter is a shepherd, and all the other Apostles: all good Bishops are shepherds. But none of us calleth himself the door. He could not have added good, if there were not bad shepherds as well. They are thieves and robbers; or at least mercenaries.

GREGORY. (Hom. xiv. in Evang.) And He adds what that goodness (forma bonitatis) is, for our imitation: The good Shepherd giveth His life for the sheep. He did what He bade, He set the example of what He commanded: He laid down His life for the sheep, that He might convert His body and blood in our Sacrament, and feed with His flesh the sheep He had redeemed. A path is shewn us wherein to walk, despising death; a stamp is applied to us, and we must submit to the impression. Our first duty is to spend our outward possessions upon the sheep; our last, if it be necessary, is to sacrifice our life for the same sheep. Whoso doth not give his substance to the sheep, how can he lay down his life for them?

AUGUSTINE. (Tr. xlvii) Christ was not the only one who did this. And yet if they who did it are members of Him, one and the same Christ did it always. He was able to do it without them; they were not without Him.

AUGUSTINE. (de Verb. Dom. Serm. 1) All these however were good shepherds, not because they shed their blood, but because they did it for the sheep. For they shed it not in pride, but in love. Should any among the heretics suffer trouble in consequence of their errors and iniquities, they forthwith boast of their martyrdom; that they may be the better able to steal under so fair a cloak: for they are in reality wolves. But not all who give their bodies to be burned, are to be thought to shed their blood for the sheep; rather against the sheep; for the Apostle saith, Though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing. (1 Cor. 13:3) And how hath he even the smallest charity, who does not love connexion (convictus) with Christians? to command which, our Lord did not mention many shepherds, but one, I am the good Shepherd.

CHRYSOSTOM. (Hom. lx. 5) Our Lord shews here that He did not undergo His passion unwillingly; but for the salvation of the world. He then gives the difference between the shepherd and the hireling: But he that is an hireling, and not the shepherd, whose own the sheep are not, seeth the wolf coming, and leaveth the sheep, and fleeth.

GREGORY. (Hom. in Evang. xiv.) Some there are who love earthly possessions more than the sheep, and do not deserve the name of a shepherd. He who feeds the Lord’s flock for the sake of temporal hire, and not for love, is an hireling, not a shepherd. An hireling is he who holds the place of shepherd, but seeketh not the gain of souls, who panteth after the good things of earth, and rejoices in the pride of station.

AUGUSTINE. (de Verb. Dom. Serm. xlix) He seeketh therefore in the Church, not God, but something else. If he sought God he would be chaste; for the soul hath but one lawful husband, God. Whoever seeketh from God any thing beside God, seeketh unchastely.

GREGORY. (Hom. in Evang. xiv.) But whether a man be a shepherd or an hireling, cannot be told for certain, except in a time of trial. In tranquil times, the hireling generally stands watch like the shepherd. But when the wolf comes, then every one shews with what spirit he stood watch over the flock.

AUGUSTINE. (de Verb. Dom. Serm. xlix.) The wolf is the devil, and they that follow him; according to’ Matthew, Which come to you in sheeps’ clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves. (Matt. 7:15)

AUGUSTINE. (Tr. xlvi. 8) Lo, the wolf hath seized a sheep by the throat, the devil hath enticed a man into adultery. The sinner must be excommunicated. But if he is excommunicated, he will be an enemy, he will plot, he will do as much harm as he can. Wherefore thou art silent, thou dost not censure, thou hast seen the wolf coming, and fled. Thy body has stood, thy mind has fled. For as joy is relaxation, sorrow contraction, desire a reaching forward of the mind; so fear is the flight of the mind.

GREGORY. (Hom. in Evang. xiv.) The wolf too cometh upon the sheep, whenever any spoiler and unjust person oppresses the humble believers. And he who seems to be shepherd, but leaves the sheep and flees, is he who dares not to resist his violence, from fear of danger to himself. He flees not by changing place, but by withholding consolation from his flock. The hireling is inflamed with no zeal against this injustice. He only looks to outward comforts, and overlooks the internal suffering of his flock. The hireling fleeth, because he is an hireling, and careth not for the sheep. The only reason that the hireling fleeth, is because he is an hireling; as if to say, He cannot stand at the approach of danger, who doth not love the sheep that he is set over, but seeketh earthly gain. Such an one dares not face danger, for fear he should lose what he so much loves.

AUGUSTINE. (Tr. xlvi. 7) But if the Apostles were shepherds, not hirelings, why did they flee in persecution? And why did our Lord say, When they persecute you in this city, flee ye into another? (Mat. 10:23) Let us knock, then will come one, who will explain.

AUGUSTINE. (ad Honor. Ep. clxxx.) A servant of Christ, and minister of His Word and Sacraments, may flee from city to city, when he is specially aimed at by the persecutors, apart from his brethren; so that his flight does not leave the Church destitute. But when all, i. e. Bishops, Clerics, and Laics, are in danger in common, let not those who need assistance be deserted by those who should give it. Let all flee together if they can, to some place of security; but, if any are obliged to stay, let them not be forsaken by those who are bound to minister to their spiritual wants. Then, under pressing persecution, may Christ’s ministers flee from the place where they are, when none of Christ’s people remain to be ministered to, or when that ministry may be fulfilled by others who have not the same cause for flight. But when the people stay, and the ministers flee, and the ministry ceases, what is this but a damnable flight of hirelings, who care not for the sheep?

AUGUSTINE. (Tr. xlvi. 1) On the good side are the door, the porter, the shepherd, and the sheep; on the bad, the thieves, the robbers, the hirelings, the wolf.

AUGUSTINE. (de Verb. Dom. s. xlix) We must love the shepherd, beware of the wolf, tolerate the hireling. For the hireling is useful so long as he sees not the wolf, the thief, and the robber. When he sees them, he flees.

AUGUSTINE. (Tr. xlvi. 5) Indeed he would not be an hireling, did he not receive wages from the hirer. (c. 6). Sons wait patiently for the eternal inheritance of their father; the hireling looks eagerly for the temporal wages from his hirer; and yet the tongues of both speak abroad the glory of Christ. The hireling hurteth, in that he doeth wrong, not in that he speaketh right: the grape bunch hangeth amid thorns; pluck the grape, avoid the thorn. Many that seek temporal advantages in the Church, preach Christ, and through them Christ’s voice is heard; and the sheep follow not the hireling, but the voice of the Shepherd heard through the hireling.

SECTION TWO

Jn 10:14-21

4. I am the good shepherd, and know my sheep, and am known of mine.

15. As the Father knoweth me, even so know I the Father: and I lay down my life for the sheep.

16. And other sheep I have, which are not of this fold: them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one fold, and one shepherd.

17. Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again.

18. No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father.

19. There was a division therefore again among the Jews for these sayings.

20. And many of them said, He hath a devil, and is mad; why hear ye him?

21. Others said, These are not the words of him that hath a devil. Can a devil open the eyes of the blind?

CHRYSOSTOM. (Hom. lx. 1) Two evil persons have been mentioned, one that kills, and robs the sheep, another that doth not hinder: the one standing for those movers of seditions; the other for the rulers of the Jews, who did not take care of the sheep committed to them. Christ distinguishes Himself from both; from the one who came to do hurt by saying, I am come that they might have life; from those who overlook the rapine of the wolves, by saying that He giveth His life for the sheep. Wherefore He saith again, as He said before, I am the good Shepherd. And as He had said above that the sheep heard the voice of the Shepherd and followed Him, that no one might have occasion to ask, What sayest Thou then of those that believe not? He adds, And I know My sheep, and am known of Mine. (Rom. 11:12) As Paul too saith, God hath not cast away His people, whom He foreknew.

GREGORY. (Hom. in Evang. xiv.) As if He said, I love My sheep, and they love and follow Me. For he who loves not the truth, is as yet very far from knowing it.

THEOPHYLACT. Hence the difference of the hireling and the Shepherd. The hireling does not know his sheep, because he sees them so little. The Shepherd knows His sheep, because He is so attractive to them.

CHRYSOSTOM. (Hom. lx. 1) Then that thou mayest not attribute to the Shepherd and the sheep the same measure of knowledge, He adds, As the Father knoweth Me, even so know I the Father: i. e. I know Him as certainly as He knoweth Me. This then is a case of like knowledge, the other is not; as He saith, No man knoweth who the Son is, but the Father. (Luke 10:23)

GREGORY. (Hom. in Evang. xiv.) And I lay down My life for My sheep. As if to say, This is why I know My Father, and am known by the Father, because I lay down My life for My sheep; i. e. by My love for My sheep, I shew how much I love My Father.

CHRYSOSTOM. (Hom. lx. 1) He gives it too as a proof of His authority. In the same way the Apostle maintains his own commission in opposition to the false Apostles, by enumerating his dangers and sufferings.

THEOPHYLACT. For the deceivers did not expose their lives for the sheep, but, like hirelings, deserted their followers. Our Lord, on the other hand, protected His disciples: Let these go their way. (infr. 18:8)

GREGORY. (Hom. xiv.) But as He came to redeem not only the Jews, but the Gentiles, He adds, And other sheep I have, which are not of this fold.

AUGUSTINE. (de Verb. Dom. s. 1) The sheep hitherto spoken of are those of the stock of Israel according to the flesh. But there were others of the stock of Israel, according to faith, Gentiles, who were as yet out of the fold; predestinated, but not yet gathered together. They are not of this fold, because they are not of the race of Israel, but they will be of this fold: Them also I must bring.

CHRYSOSTOM. (Hom. lx. 2) What wonder that these should hear My voice, and follow Me, when others are waiting to do the same. Both these flocks are dispersed, and without shepherds; for it follows, And they shall hear My voice. And then He foretells their future union: And there shall be one fold and one Shepherd.

GREGORY. (Hom. Evang. xiv.) Of two flocks He maketh one fold, uniting the Jews and Gentiles in His faith.

THEOPHYLACT. For there is one sign of baptism for all, and one Shepherd, even the Word of God. Let the Manichean mark; there is but one fold and one Shepherd set forth both in the Old and New Testaments.

AUGUSTINE. (Tr. xlvii. 4) What does He mean then when He says, I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel? Only, that whereas He manifested Himself personally to the Jews, He did not go Himself to the Gentiles, but sent others.

CHRYSOSTOM. (Hom. lx) The word must here (I must bring) does not signify necessity, but only that the thing would take place. Therefore doth My Father love Me, because I lay down My life, that I might take it again. They had called Him an alien from His Father.

AUGUSTINE. (Tr. xlvii. 7) i. e. Because I die, to rise again. There is great force in, I lay down. Let not the Jews, He says, boast; rage they may, but if I should not choose to lay down My life, what will they do by raging?

THEOPHYLACT. The Father does not bestow His love on the Son as a reward for the death He suffered in our behalf; but He loves Him, as beholding in the Begotten His own essence, whence proceeded such love for mankind.

CHRYSOSTOM. (Hom. lx. 2) Or He says, in condescension to our weakness, Though there were nothing else which made Me love you, this would, that ye are so loved by My Father, that, by dying for you, I shall win His love. Not that He was not loved by the Father before, or that we are the cause of such love. For the same purpose He shews that He does not come to His Passion unwillingly: No man taketh it from Me, but I lay it down of Myself.

AUGUSTINE. (iv. de Trin. c. xiii.) Wherein He shewed that His natural death was not the consequence of sin in Him, but of His own simple will, which was the why, the when, and the how: I have power to lay it down.

CHRYSOSTOM. (Hom. lx. 2) As they had often plotted to kill Him, He tells them their efforts will be useless, unless He is willing. I have such power over My own life, that no one can take it from Me, against My will. This is not true of men. We have not the power of laying down our own lives, except we put ourselves to death. Our Lord alone has this power. And this being true, it is true also that He can take it again when He pleases: And I have power to take it again: which words declare beyond a doubt a resurrection. That they might not think His death a sign that God had forsaken Him, He adds, This commandment have I received from My Father; i. e. to lay down My life, and take it again. By which we must not understand that He first waited to hear this commandment, and had to learn His work; He only shows that that work which He voluntarily undertook, was not against the Father’s will.

THEOPHYLACT. He only means His perfect agreement with His Father.

ALCUIN. For the Word doth not receive a command by word, but containeth in Himself all the Father’s commandments. When the Son is said to receive what He possesseth of Himself, His power is not lessened, but only His generation declared. The Father gave the Son every thing in begetting Him. He begat Him perfect.

THEOPHYLACT. After declaring Himself the Master of His own life and death, which was a lofty assumption, He makes a more humble confession; thus wonderfully uniting both characters; shewing that He was neither inferior to or a slave of the Father on the one hand, nor an antagonist on the other; but of the same power and will.

AUGUSTINE. (Tr. xlvii) How doth our Lord lay down His own life? Christ is the Word, and man, i. e. in soul and body. Doth the Word lay down His life, and take it again; or doth the human soul, or doth the flesh? If it was the Word of God that laid down His soul1 and took it again, that soul was at one time separated from the Word. But, though death separated the soul and body, death could not separate the Word and the soul. It is still more absurd to say that the soul laid down itself; if it could not be separated from the Word, how could it be from itself? The flesh therefore layeth down its life and taketh it again, not by its own power, but by the power of the Word which dwelleth in it. This refutes the Apollinarians, who say that Christ had not a human, rational soul.

ALCUIN. But the light shined in darkness, and the darkness comprehended it not. There was a division among the Jews for these sayings. And many of them said, He hath a devil, and is mad.

CHRYSOSTOM. (Hom. lx. 3) Because He spoke as one greater than man, they said He had a devil. But that He had not a devil, others proved from His works: Others said, These are not the words of Him that hath a devil. Can a devil open the eyes of the blind? As if to say, Not even the words themselves are those of one that hath a devil; but if the words do not convince you, be persuaded by the works. Our Lord having already given proof who He was by His works, was silent. They were unworthy of an answer. Indeed, as they disagreed amongst themselves, an answer was unnecessary. Their opposition only brought out, for our imitation, our Lord’s gentleness, and long suffering.

ALCUIN. We have heard of the patience of God, and of salvation preached amid revilings. They obstinately preferred tempting Him to obeying Him.

ORIGINAL: e-Catholic 2000

SECTION THREE

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ORIGINAL: e-Catholic 2000

BIBLE
STUDY

Psalm 4

Gospel Reading

Richard Niell
Donovan

Jn 10:11-18 Exegesis

“I am (ego eimi) the good shepherd” (v. 11a). Ego eimi is an important phrase in this Gospel, which includes a number of “I am” sayings:

• “Ego eimi, I am he” (4:26)
• “Ego eimi, I am the bread of life” (6:35).
• “Ego eimi, I am the living bread” (6:51).
• “Ego eimi, I am the light of the world” (8:12; 9:5).
• “Before Abraham came into existence, Ego eimi“ (8:58).
• “Ego eimi, I am the sheep’s door” (10:7).
• “Ego eimi, I am the door” (10:9).
• “Ego eimi, I am the good shepherd” (10:11).
• “Ego eimi, I am the resurrection and the life” (11:25).
• “Ego eimi, I am the way, the truth, and the life” (14:6).
• “Ego eimi, I am the true vine” (15:1).

RICHARD NIELL DONOVAN was a Disciples of Christ clergyman who published SermonWriter, for a paid subscription, from 1997-2020. After he died, his family has generously provided his resources without subscription.